Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the most important class of innate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) by which host immune and non-immune cells are able to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Most mammalian species have 10 to 15 types of TLRs. TLRs are believed to function as homo- or hetero-dimers. TLR2, which plays a crucial role in recognizing PAMPs from Staphylococcus aureus, forms heterodimers with TLR1 or TLR6 and each dimer has a different ligand specificity. Staphylococcal lipoproteins, Panton-Valentine toxin and Phenol Soluble Modulins have been identified as potent TLR2 ligands. Conversely, the ligand function attributed to peptidoglycan and LTA remains controversial. TLR2 uses a MyD88-dependent signaling pathway that results in NF-κB translocation into the nucleus and activation of the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. Recognition rouses both an inflammatory response, culminating in the phagocytosis of bacteria, and an adaptive immune response, with the presentation of resulting bacterial compounds to T cells. Here, recent advances on the recognition of S. aureus by TLRs are presented and discussed, as well as the new therapeutic opportunities deriving from this new knowledge.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 799-810 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| Journal | International Journal of Artificial Organs |
| Volume | 34 |
| Issue number | 9 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Sep 2011 |
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Keywords
- Innate immunity
- Ligand
- Staphylococcus
- TLR
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biomaterials
- Biomedical Engineering
- Bioengineering
- Medicine (miscellaneous)
Cite this
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in innate immune defense against Staphylococcus aureus. / Pietrocola, Giampiero; Arciola, Carla Renata; Rindi, Simonetta; di Poto, Antonella; Missineo, Antonino; Montanaro, Lucio; Speziale, Pietro.
In: International Journal of Artificial Organs, Vol. 34, No. 9, 09.2011, p. 799-810.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in innate immune defense against Staphylococcus aureus
AU - Pietrocola, Giampiero
AU - Arciola, Carla Renata
AU - Rindi, Simonetta
AU - di Poto, Antonella
AU - Missineo, Antonino
AU - Montanaro, Lucio
AU - Speziale, Pietro
PY - 2011/9
Y1 - 2011/9
N2 - Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the most important class of innate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) by which host immune and non-immune cells are able to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Most mammalian species have 10 to 15 types of TLRs. TLRs are believed to function as homo- or hetero-dimers. TLR2, which plays a crucial role in recognizing PAMPs from Staphylococcus aureus, forms heterodimers with TLR1 or TLR6 and each dimer has a different ligand specificity. Staphylococcal lipoproteins, Panton-Valentine toxin and Phenol Soluble Modulins have been identified as potent TLR2 ligands. Conversely, the ligand function attributed to peptidoglycan and LTA remains controversial. TLR2 uses a MyD88-dependent signaling pathway that results in NF-κB translocation into the nucleus and activation of the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. Recognition rouses both an inflammatory response, culminating in the phagocytosis of bacteria, and an adaptive immune response, with the presentation of resulting bacterial compounds to T cells. Here, recent advances on the recognition of S. aureus by TLRs are presented and discussed, as well as the new therapeutic opportunities deriving from this new knowledge.
AB - Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the most important class of innate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) by which host immune and non-immune cells are able to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Most mammalian species have 10 to 15 types of TLRs. TLRs are believed to function as homo- or hetero-dimers. TLR2, which plays a crucial role in recognizing PAMPs from Staphylococcus aureus, forms heterodimers with TLR1 or TLR6 and each dimer has a different ligand specificity. Staphylococcal lipoproteins, Panton-Valentine toxin and Phenol Soluble Modulins have been identified as potent TLR2 ligands. Conversely, the ligand function attributed to peptidoglycan and LTA remains controversial. TLR2 uses a MyD88-dependent signaling pathway that results in NF-κB translocation into the nucleus and activation of the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. Recognition rouses both an inflammatory response, culminating in the phagocytosis of bacteria, and an adaptive immune response, with the presentation of resulting bacterial compounds to T cells. Here, recent advances on the recognition of S. aureus by TLRs are presented and discussed, as well as the new therapeutic opportunities deriving from this new knowledge.
KW - Innate immunity
KW - Ligand
KW - Staphylococcus
KW - TLR
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U2 - 10.5301/ijao.5000030
DO - 10.5301/ijao.5000030
M3 - Article
VL - 34
SP - 799
EP - 810
JO - International Journal of Artificial Organs
JF - International Journal of Artificial Organs
SN - 0391-3988
IS - 9
ER -