TY - JOUR
T1 - Tonic and rhythmic spinal activity underlying locomotion
AU - Ivanenko, Yury P.
AU - Gurfinkel, Victor S.
AU - Selionov, Victor A.
AU - Solopova, Irina A.
AU - Sylos-Labini, Francesca
AU - Guertin, Pierre A.
AU - Lacquaniti, Francesco
PY - 2017/1/1
Y1 - 2017/1/1
N2 - In recent years, many researches put significant efforts into understanding and assessing the functional state of the spinal locomotor circuits in humans. Various techniques have been developed to stimulate the spinal cord circuitries, which may include both diffuse and quite specific tuning effects. Overall, the findings indicate that tonic and rhythmic spinal activity control are not separate phenomena but are closely integrated to properly initiate and sustain stepping. The spinal cord does not simply transmit information to and from the brain. Its physiologic state determines reflex, postural and locomotor control and, therefore, may affect the recovery of the locomotor function in individuals with spinal cord and brain injuries. This review summarizes studies that examine the rhythmogenesis capacity of cervical and lumbosacral neuronal circuitries in humans and its importance in developing central pattern generator-modulating therapies.
AB - In recent years, many researches put significant efforts into understanding and assessing the functional state of the spinal locomotor circuits in humans. Various techniques have been developed to stimulate the spinal cord circuitries, which may include both diffuse and quite specific tuning effects. Overall, the findings indicate that tonic and rhythmic spinal activity control are not separate phenomena but are closely integrated to properly initiate and sustain stepping. The spinal cord does not simply transmit information to and from the brain. Its physiologic state determines reflex, postural and locomotor control and, therefore, may affect the recovery of the locomotor function in individuals with spinal cord and brain injuries. This review summarizes studies that examine the rhythmogenesis capacity of cervical and lumbosacral neuronal circuitries in humans and its importance in developing central pattern generator-modulating therapies.
KW - Central pattern generator
KW - Electromagnetic stimulation
KW - Kohnstamm phenomenon
KW - Locomotion
KW - Muscle tone
KW - Neuromodulators
KW - Rhythmogenesis
KW - Sensory input
KW - Spinal cord
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85020838468&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85020838468&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2174/1381612823666170125152246
DO - 10.2174/1381612823666170125152246
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85020838468
VL - 23
SP - 1753
EP - 1763
JO - Current Pharmaceutical Design
JF - Current Pharmaceutical Design
SN - 1381-6128
IS - 12
ER -