TY - JOUR
T1 - Traumatic brain injury and stem cells
T2 - An overview of clinical trials, the current treatments and future therapeutic approaches
AU - Schepici, Giovanni
AU - Silvestro, Serena
AU - Bramanti, Placido
AU - Mazzon, Emanuela
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This study was supported by a Current Research Fund 2019, Ministry of Health, Italy.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/3/1
Y1 - 2020/3/1
N2 - Traumatic brain injury represents physical damage to the brain tissue that induces transitory or permanent neurological disabilities. The traumatic injury activates an important inflammatory response, followed by a cascade of events that lead to neuronal loss and further brain damage. Maintaining proper ventilation, a normal level of oxygenation, and adequate blood pressure are the main therapeutic strategies performed after injury. Surgery is often necessary for patients with more serious injuries. However, to date, there are no therapies that completely resolve the brain damage suffered following the trauma. Stem cells, due to their capacity to differentiate into neuronal cells and through releasing neurotrophic factors, seem to be a valid strategy to use in the treatment of traumatic brain injury. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of clinical trials, aimed to evaluate the use of stem cell-based therapy in traumatic brain injury. These studies aim to assess the safety and efficacy of stem cells in this disease. The results available so far are few; therefore, future studies need in order to evaluate the safety and efficacy of stem cell transplantation in traumatic brain injury.
AB - Traumatic brain injury represents physical damage to the brain tissue that induces transitory or permanent neurological disabilities. The traumatic injury activates an important inflammatory response, followed by a cascade of events that lead to neuronal loss and further brain damage. Maintaining proper ventilation, a normal level of oxygenation, and adequate blood pressure are the main therapeutic strategies performed after injury. Surgery is often necessary for patients with more serious injuries. However, to date, there are no therapies that completely resolve the brain damage suffered following the trauma. Stem cells, due to their capacity to differentiate into neuronal cells and through releasing neurotrophic factors, seem to be a valid strategy to use in the treatment of traumatic brain injury. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of clinical trials, aimed to evaluate the use of stem cell-based therapy in traumatic brain injury. These studies aim to assess the safety and efficacy of stem cells in this disease. The results available so far are few; therefore, future studies need in order to evaluate the safety and efficacy of stem cell transplantation in traumatic brain injury.
KW - Clinical studies
KW - Inflammation
KW - Stem cell transplantation
KW - Stem cells
KW - Traumatic brain injury
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85082279839&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.3390/medicina56030137
DO - 10.3390/medicina56030137
M3 - Review article
C2 - 32204311
AN - SCOPUS:85082279839
VL - 56
JO - Medicina
JF - Medicina
SN - 1010-660X
IS - 3
M1 - 137
ER -