TY - JOUR
T1 - Two conserved cysteine triads in human Ero1α cooperate for efficient disulfide bond formation in the endoplasmic reticulum
AU - Bertoli, Gloria
AU - Simmen, Thomas
AU - Anelli, Tiziana
AU - Molteni, Silvia Nerini
AU - Fesce, Riccardo
AU - Sitia, Roberto
PY - 2004/7/16
Y1 - 2004/7/16
N2 - Human Ero1α is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein responsible for protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) oxidation. To clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying its function, we generated a panel of cysteine replacement mutants and analyzed their capability of: 1) complementing a temperature-sensitive yeast Ero1 mutant, 2) favoring oxidative folding in mammalian cells, 3) forming mixed disulfides with PDI and ERp44, and 4) adopting characteristic redox-dependent conformations. Our results reveal that two essential cysteine triads (Cys85-Cys94-Cys99 and Cys391-Cys394-Cys397) cooperate in electron transfer, with Cys94 likely forming mixed disulfides with PDI. Dominant negative phenotypes arise when critical residues within the triads are mutated (Cys394, Cys397, and to a lesser extent Cys 99). Replacing the first cysteine in either triad (Cys85 or Cys391) generates mutants with weaker activity. In addition, mutating either Cys85 or Cys391, but not Cys 397, reverts the dominant negative phenotype of the C394A mutant. These findings suggest that interactions between the two triads, dependent on Cys85 and Cys391, are important for Ero1α function, possibly stabilizing a platform for efficient PDI oxidation.
AB - Human Ero1α is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein responsible for protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) oxidation. To clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying its function, we generated a panel of cysteine replacement mutants and analyzed their capability of: 1) complementing a temperature-sensitive yeast Ero1 mutant, 2) favoring oxidative folding in mammalian cells, 3) forming mixed disulfides with PDI and ERp44, and 4) adopting characteristic redox-dependent conformations. Our results reveal that two essential cysteine triads (Cys85-Cys94-Cys99 and Cys391-Cys394-Cys397) cooperate in electron transfer, with Cys94 likely forming mixed disulfides with PDI. Dominant negative phenotypes arise when critical residues within the triads are mutated (Cys394, Cys397, and to a lesser extent Cys 99). Replacing the first cysteine in either triad (Cys85 or Cys391) generates mutants with weaker activity. In addition, mutating either Cys85 or Cys391, but not Cys 397, reverts the dominant negative phenotype of the C394A mutant. These findings suggest that interactions between the two triads, dependent on Cys85 and Cys391, are important for Ero1α function, possibly stabilizing a platform for efficient PDI oxidation.
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U2 - 10.1074/jbc.M403192200
DO - 10.1074/jbc.M403192200
M3 - Article
C2 - 15136577
AN - SCOPUS:3142668358
VL - 279
SP - 30047
EP - 30052
JO - Journal of Biological Chemistry
JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry
SN - 0021-9258
IS - 29
ER -