TY - JOUR
T1 - When should cardiovascular prevention begin? The importance of antenatal, perinatal and primordial prevention
AU - D’Ascenzi, Flavio
AU - Sciaccaluga, Carlotta
AU - Cameli, Matteo
AU - Cecere, Annagrazia
AU - Ciccone, Marco M.
AU - Di Francesco, Simona
AU - Ganau, Antonello
AU - Imbalzano, Egidio
AU - Liga, Riccardo
AU - Palermo, Pietro
AU - Palmiero, Pasquale
AU - Parati, Gianfranco
AU - Pedrinelli, Roberto
AU - Scicchitano, Piero
AU - Zito, Annapaola
AU - Mattioli, Anna V.
PY - 2019/1/1
Y1 - 2019/1/1
N2 - Cardiovascular diseases represent a major health problem, being one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, in this scenario, cardiovascular prevention plays an essential role although it is difficult to establish when promoting and implementing preventive strategies. However, there is growing evidence that prevention should start even before birth, during pregnancy, aiming to avoid the onset of cardiovascular risk factors, since events that occur early in life have a great impact on the cardiovascular risk profile of an adult. The two pillars of this early preventive strategy are nutrition and physical exercise, together with prevention of cardio-metabolic diseases during pregnancy. This review attempts to gather the growing evidence of the benefits of antenatal, perinatal and primordial prevention, discussing also the possibility to reverse or to mitigate the cardiovascular profile developed in the initial stages of life. This could pave the way for future research, investigating the optimal time and duration of these preventing measures, their duration and maintenance in adulthood, and the most effective interventions according to the different age and guiding in the next years, the best clinical practice and the political strategies to cope with cardiovascular disease.
AB - Cardiovascular diseases represent a major health problem, being one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, in this scenario, cardiovascular prevention plays an essential role although it is difficult to establish when promoting and implementing preventive strategies. However, there is growing evidence that prevention should start even before birth, during pregnancy, aiming to avoid the onset of cardiovascular risk factors, since events that occur early in life have a great impact on the cardiovascular risk profile of an adult. The two pillars of this early preventive strategy are nutrition and physical exercise, together with prevention of cardio-metabolic diseases during pregnancy. This review attempts to gather the growing evidence of the benefits of antenatal, perinatal and primordial prevention, discussing also the possibility to reverse or to mitigate the cardiovascular profile developed in the initial stages of life. This could pave the way for future research, investigating the optimal time and duration of these preventing measures, their duration and maintenance in adulthood, and the most effective interventions according to the different age and guiding in the next years, the best clinical practice and the political strategies to cope with cardiovascular disease.
KW - children
KW - diabetes mellitus
KW - exercise
KW - heart disease
KW - obesity
KW - Risk factors
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U2 - 10.1177/2047487319893832
DO - 10.1177/2047487319893832
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31838885
AN - SCOPUS:85077365122
JO - European Journal of Preventive Cardiology
JF - European Journal of Preventive Cardiology
SN - 2047-4873
ER -